drugs are a chemical substance which can be used for good or bad. the good effect of drugs would be uses for medicines given by doctors.whereas the bad uses would be abusing the use of medicine or taking illegal drugs such as cocaine and meth. drugs can also be used to aid you in attacking diseases or change your physical structure.

there are three stages a drug has to go through to determine if it can be used as medicine for the general public. The reason for three trials is too ensure that the medication is safe, any side effects and if the medicines is effective. stage one is in the laboratory where the drug is used on grown human cells and computer models. many drugs will fail this trial as it  determines how safe the drugs are to human cells and also if it is effective, it shows a real life effect and a digital effect. After passing stage one, the drug will then go into stage two, animal testing. The use of animal for testing the drug is to show the possible side-effects .e.g. death and vomiting . finally onto the last stage, clinic trial. there are two types of clinic trials. 1.blind trials. This trial is when the volunteers are not told which group they’re in but the researchers do. 2. double blind trials. this trial is when neither the volunteers and the researchers know which group they’re in until the end of the trial. The main resign for this stage is too see the effectiveness of the drug on human and the side-effects. It is first tested on a group of healthy volunteers then on a group of sick volunteers in need of the medication. This will ensure that the drug is safe, stable and effective. after this stage the drug will be able to be used by doctors to prescribe for the patients.

Although it may not seem that long of letting the drug go through three stages, the process of an average drug goes up to 12 years. This is mainly to do will the development of the drug and can spend up to £550 million to create the drug. during the first part of development the drug can be extracted by a plant, for example a yew tree contains a type of  chemical which creates tamoxifen a known drug for battling breast cancer. or it can be extracted by an micro-organism.