Category: Communication

drugs are a chemical substance which can be used for good or bad. the good effect of drugs would be uses for medicines given by doctors.whereas the bad uses would be abusing the use of medicine or taking illegal drugs such as cocaine and meth. drugs can also be used to aid you in attacking diseases or change your physical structure.

there are three stages a drug has to go through to determine if it can be used as medicine for the general public. The reason for three trials is too ensure that the medication is safe, any side effects and if the medicines is effective. stage one is in the laboratory where the drug is used on grown human cells and computer models. many drugs will fail this trial as it  determines how safe the drugs are to human cells and also if it is effective, it shows a real life effect and a digital effect. After passing stage one, the drug will then go into stage two, animal testing. The use of animal for testing the drug is to show the possible side-effects .e.g. death and vomiting . finally onto the last stage, clinic trial. there are two types of clinic trials. 1.blind trials. This trial is when the volunteers are not told which group they’re in but the researchers do. 2. double blind trials. this trial is when neither the volunteers and the researchers know which group they’re in until the end of the trial. The main resign for this stage is too see the effectiveness of the drug on human and the side-effects. It is first tested on a group of healthy volunteers then on a group of sick volunteers in need of the medication. This will ensure that the drug is safe, stable and effective. after this stage the drug will be able to be used by doctors to prescribe for the patients.

Although it may not seem that long of letting the drug go through three stages, the process of an average drug goes up to 12 years. This is mainly to do will the development of the drug and can spend up to £550 million to create the drug. during the first part of development the drug can be extracted by a plant, for example a yew tree contains a type of  chemical which creates tamoxifen a known drug for battling breast cancer. or it can be extracted by an micro-organism.

Charles Darwin theory of evolution, was written in a book called ‘on the Origin of Species’ which was published in 1859. The theory used these key facts and theory, different qualities are heritable if they are needed, different species fight for resources, species show natural selection and how species that has characteristics which would match their environment will survive longer and would less likely turn extinct e.g white fur for polar bears this is so then they can camouflage with ice and snow to help them hunt their prey. natural selection is one of the key points for the evolution theory, natural selection is how species adapt to their new environment in order to survive. Jean-baptiste Lemrick was another scientist who studied the evolution theory, he believed that the reason for giraffes long necks is because giraffes stretches their necks in order to get food of trees, the neck will then become longer as the giraffe uses it more and then the giraffes child will soon inherit the long neck. Whereas Darwin believed that giraffes have longer necks in order to reach food to help them survive and so then they can reproduce then after the giraffes child will also inherit the long neck. Lemrick and Darwin had the same conclusion but had a different reason for why a giraffe has a long neck.

There he laid in front of everyone. Laying on the wooden basketball court. His right shin was poking out while his left leg was dropped to the grounds, his right leg was dangling from where his shin broke. The whole crowd gasped as they saw the horrible scene. The player who fell and broke his shin was screaming in pain. there was no blood dripping from his shin but it still was a shocking view to see. A few seconds after he dropped to the ground destroying his knee the medics came to help